Trading Rules – Tokenized Stocks

Guidelines and key differences between traditional stock trading and tokenized stock operations under Stove Protocol.

Core Principle

Tokenized stocks on Stove Protocol are 1:1 representations of real-world equities held by licensed custodians. They mirror the economic exposure of the underlying assets but do not confer legal ownership of shares.

All transactions—minting, redemption, and transfers—occur on-chain, governed by transparent smart contracts and verifiable custody proofs.

Trading tokenized assets implies participation in a digital financial infrastructure, not a traditional brokerage service.

Price Formation & Market Behavior

Aspect
Traditional Stocks
Tokenized Stocks

Price Discovery

Determined by centralized exchanges (NYSE, NASDAQ, etc.)

Based on oracle-fed reference prices and on-chain RFQ markets

Trading Hours

Limited to exchange market hours

24/7 global availability

Settlement

T+2 or T+1 clearing cycles

Instant on-chain settlement

Price Deviation

Single global price reference

Minor divergence due to oracle delay or liquidity

Liquidity Source

Centralized order book

RFQ takers / AMM pools / DEX aggregators

Prices of tokenized assets are aligned with real-world stocks via oracles, but temporary de-pegging may occur under market stress or oracle latency.

Mint & Redeem Rules

Minting:

  • Requires off-chain verification through a licensed custodian (e.g., HabitTrade).

  • Mint requests are processed via signed RFQ orders (EIP-712) to ensure authenticity.

  • Tokens are minted 1:1 against verified shares.

Redeeming:

  • Reverse process of minting.

  • Upon redemption, the equity tokens are burned on-chain.

  • The custodian executes the sale of the corresponding shares off-chain.

  • Users receive the settlement proceeds in stablecoins.

Both actions are recorded on-chain, ensuring full transparency.

The protocol itself sees zero contract-level fees; users may incur applicable network gas fees and brokerage-related costs.

Trading Conduct Rules

To maintain fairness, transparency, and regulatory neutrality, the following principles apply:

  1. No Wash Trading or Price Manipulation — all on-chain activities are traceable and monitored.

  2. No Unauthorized Custody Representation — users cannot claim legal stock ownership from token holdings.

  3. Compliance with Local Laws — users are responsible for adhering to financial regulations in their jurisdictions.

  4. Prohibition of Secondary Centralized Markets — tokenized stocks should only circulate in compliant decentralized environments or approved partners.

  5. Transparent Fee Policy — Stove Protocol does not charge protocol-level fees. Network gas fees and brokerage costs may apply.

Dividend & Corporate Action Handling

  • Dividends: Distributed through the Vault System, represented as equivalent stablecoins or reinvested tokens.

  • Stock Splits / Mergers / Delistings: Automatically executed on-chain via the Corporate Action module.

  • Voting Rights: Not applicable. Tokenized assets are economic derivatives, not shareholder instruments.

Stove Protocol mirrors corporate events but does not participate in governance of the underlying companies.

Custody & Proof-of-Backing

  • All issued tokens correspond to real shares held by licensed custodians.

  • Proof-of-holdings is regularly published through verifiable reports and on-chain hashes.

  • Token issuance follows deterministic logic via StockTokenFactory ensuring traceability and uniqueness.

Important Disclaimers

  • Tokenized stocks are not securities within Stove Protocol’s model.

  • Participation involves DeFi and custody-related risks as described in Risk Considerations.

  • The Stove Foundation reserves the right to pause mint/redeem or freeze assets in case of fraud, oracle malfunction, or regulatory intervention.

By interacting with Stove Protocol, users acknowledge and accept these operational and market conditions.

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